0180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa, executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. 0521 - Magnus Felix Ennodius dies (b. 0474). Bishop and Latin poet.0656 - Uthman ibn Affan dies assassinated. Third Caliph.0924 - King Edward the Elder of England dies.1048 - Damasus II appointed Pope. 1070 - Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders dies (b. 1030). 1105 - Rashi dies (b. 1040). French rabbi and commentator.1203 - Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault; the Byzantine emperor Alexius III Angelus flees from his capital into exile. 1381 - Batalha Naval de Saltes entre frota portuguesa e castelhana.1453 - Hundred Years' War: The French under Jean Bureau utterly defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the Battle of Castillon at Gascony.1453- John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury dies. English military leader. 1487 - Ismail I was born (d. 1524). Shah of Persia.1531 - Hosokawa Takakuni (b. 1484). Japanese military commander.1566 - Bartolomé de Las Casas (b. 1484). Spanish priest.1571 - Georg Fabricius dies (b. 1516). German poet and historian.1588 - Sinan dies (b. 1489). Ottoman architect.1645 - Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset dies. Scottish politician. 1674 - Isaac Watts was born (d. 1748). English hymnwriter. 1686 - A meeting takes place at Lüneburg between several Protestant powers in order to discuss the formation of an 'evangelical' league of defence, called the 'Confederatio Militiae Evangelicae', against the Catholic League.1698 - Pierre Louis Maupertuis was born (d. 1759). French mathematician. 1704 - Pierre-Charles Le Sueur dies. French fur trader and explorer. 1709 - Robert Bolling dies (b. 1646). English settler in Virginia.1744 - Elbridge Gerry was born (d. 23 Nov. 1814). American politician: 5th vice president of the U.S. [1813-1814]; governor of Massachusetts: wrote a redistricting bill, hence the origin of the word ‘gerrymandering’. 1745 - Petr Alekseevich Pahlen was born (d. 1826). Russian general.1762 - Catherine II becomes tzar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia / Catarina II sucede ao czar Pedro III da Rússia, assassinado. 1763 - John Jacob Astor was born (d. 1848). American businessman. 1771 - Massacre at Bloody Falls: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his arctic overland journey, massacre a group of unsuspecting Inuit. 1780 - Anatacio Bustamante was born. President of México (1830-1832, 1837-1839 e 1839-1841). 1787 - Friedrich Krupp was born (d. 1826). German industrialist.1790 - Adam Smith dies (b. 1723). Scottish economist and pholosopher.1791 - Members of the French National guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing as many as 50 people. 1791 - Martin Dobrizhoffer dies (b. 1717). Austrian Jesuit missionary.1793 - Charlotte Corday dies (b. 1768). French aristocrat and murderer.1794 - The sixteen Carmelite Martyrs of Compiegne are executed 10 days prior to the end of the French Revolution's Reign of Terror. 1794 - John Roebuck dies (b. 1718). British inventor.1797 - Hippolyte Delaroche was born (d. 1856). French painter.1801 - O químico alemão Valentín Rose consegue sintetizar pela primeira vez o bicarbonato de sódio. 1815 - Napoleonic Wars: In France, Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort, Charente-Maritime to British forces. 1816 - The French passenger ship Medusa runs aground off the coast of Senegal, with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government. 1821 - Spain cedes Florida to the United States. 1831 - Mormonism founder Joseph Smith, Jr. receives a revelation in Jackson County, Missouri on plural marriage that introduces polygamy in Mormonism. 1831 - Xianfeng was born (d. 1861). Emperor of China.1839 - Ephraim Shay was born (d. 1916). American inventor (Shay locomotive). 1841 - The first issue of the magazine Punch is published in London. 1843 - Julio A. Roca was born. President of Argentina (1880-1886).1845 - Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey dies (b. 1764). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.1852 - O tratado que estabelece os limites de fronteira e de navegação entre a Argentina e o Paraguai é assinado. 1856 - The Great Train Wreck of 1856, occurs in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania killing over 60 people. 1858 - Salving of the Lutine bell. The bell is subsequently hung in Lloyd's of London. 1859 - Princess Estefania dies (b. 15 Jul 1837). Queen of Portugal, wife of Pedro V.1859 - Luis Munoz-Rivera was born (d. 15 Nov 1921). Puerto Rican patriot, poet and journalist. 1877 - Ernst von Dohnanyi was born (d. 1960). Hungarian conductor. 1878 - Aleardo Aleardi dies (b. 1812). Italian poet. 1879 - Maurycy Gottlieb dies (b. 1856). Ukrainian painter.1880 - Um terremoto destrói em Manila, capital das Filipinas, quase todos os edifícios existentes na área interna dos muros da cidade. 1881 - Jim Bridger dies (b. 1804). American mountain man, Indian fighter, and explorer.1885 - Jean-Charles Chapais dies (b. 1811). Canadian politician.1886 - Apresentação de Sarah Bernhardt no teatro Politeama, de Buenos Aires, com a obra "Fedora", de Sardou. 1887 - Dorothea Dix dies (b. 1802). American social activist. 1888 - Shmuel Yosef Agnon was born (d. 1970). Israeli writer Nobel Prize laureate. 1889 - Erle Stanley Gardner was born (d. 1970). American lawyer and author (Perry Mason)1890 - Sem prévia declaração de guerra, um exército guatemalteco invade El Salvador, e é derrotado pelas tropas deste país. 1893 - Marvin Pierce was born (d. 1969). Women's magazine publisher.1893 - Frederick A. Johnson dies (b. 1833). American politician.1894 - As forças italianas derrotam os dervishes e tomam Kassale, no Sudão. 1894 - Josef Hyrtl dies (b. 1810). Austrian anatomist.1894 - Charles-Marie-René Leconte de Lisle dies (b. 1818). French poet.1897 - Klondike gold rush begins when first successful prospectors arrive in Seattle, Washington, USA. 1898 - Spanish-American War: Battle of Santiago Bay - Troops under United States. General William R. Shafter take the city of Santiago de Cuba from the Spanish. 1898 - Berenice Abbott was born (d. 1991). American photographer.1898 - George Robert Vincent was born (d. 1985). American sound recording pioneer.1898 - Osmond Borradaile was born (d. 1999). Canadian cinematographer. 1899 - NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital. 1899 - James Cagney was born (d. 1983). American actor. 1900 - Marcel Dalio was born (d. 1983). French actor.1901 - Bruno Jasieński was born (d. 1938). Polish poet. 1901 - Luigi Chinetti was born (d. 1994). Italian-American race car driver and team owner (NART). 1902 - Christina Stead was born (d. 1983). Australian novelist.1906 - Carlos Pellegrini dies. President of Argentina (1890-1892). 1907 - Hector Malot dies (b. 1830). French writer.1909 - Revolução no Irã dos "bajtiares": abdica o Xá. 1911 - Rufino José Cuervo dies (b. 1844). Colombian philologist and humanist. 1911 - Ted Anderson was born (d. 1979). English footballer.1912 - Art Linkletter was born. Canadian television host. 1912 - Henri Poincaré dies (b. 1854). French mathematician.1913 - Bertrand Goldberg was born (d. 1997). American architect.1916 - O Uruguay ganha o 1º. Campeonato Sul americano de Futebol ao empatar 0 a 0 com a Argentina. 1917 - King George V of the United Kingdom issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British royal family will bear the surname Windsor. 1917 - Lou Boudreau was born (d. 2001). Major League baseball player and manager.1917 - Phyllis Diller was born. American comedian. 1917 - Margarete Mitscherlich was born. German psychoanalist and author 1917 - Red Sovine was born (d. 1980). American country music singer.1917 - Hector Malot dies (b. 1830). French writer. 1918 - By order of the Bolshevik Party and carried out by Cheka, Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, his immediate family, and retainers were murdered at the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg, Russia / O czar Nicolau II e a maioria da família imperial russa são fuzilados na cidade de Ekaterimburgo, por ordem das autoridades bolcheviques. 1918 - RMS Carpathia, the ship that rescued the 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic, is sunk off Ireland by the Unterseeboot 55 with 5 lives lost. 1918 - Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio was born (d. 2003). President of Guatemala.1918 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (Gregorian calendar date) dies. 1918 - Grand Duchess Olga of Russia dies. 1918 - Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia dies. 1918 - Tsarevich Alexei of Russia dies. 1918 - Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia dies. 1918 - Tsarina Alexandra of Russia dies. 1918 - Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia dies. 1919 - João José Cochofel was born. Portuguese poet and essayst / Nasce em Coimbra João José Cochofel , ensaísta e poeta português do núcleo neo-realista coimbrão (d. in Lisboa, 14 Mar 1982).1920 - Juan Antonio Samaranch was born. Former chairman of the International Olympic Committee 1920 - Kenneth Wolstenholme was born (d. 2002). English sports commentator 1920 - Gordon Gould was born (d. 2005). Inventor of the laser.1921 - František Zvarík was born. Slovakian actor. 1923 - John Cooper was born (d. 2000). English race car designer.1926 - Charles Champlin was born. American film critic and writer. 1926 - Édouard Carpentier was born. French-born professional wrestler. 1928 - Vince Guaraldi was born (d. 1976). American musician and composer. 1928 - General Álvaro Obregón (b. 1880). President of Mexico (1929-1924), is assassinated in Mexico Cuty.1928 - Giovanni Giolitti dies (b. 1842). Italian statesman.1929 - A União Soviética rompe relações diplomáticas com a China devido a conflitos nas ferrovias da fronteira. 1929 - Sergei K. Godunov was born. Russian mathematician. 1932 - Hal Riney was born (d. 2008). American advertising executive.1933 - After successfully crossing the Atlantic ocean, the Lithuanian research aircraft Lituanica crashes in Europe under mysterious circumstances. 1933 - Bruce Wells was born. English boxer/actor. 1934 - Getúlio Vargas, que havia governado o Brasil como ditador, é eleito pela Assembléia Constituinte para o cargo de presidente da República. 1935 - Diahann Carroll was born. American actor.1935 - Donald Sutherland was born. Canadian actor.1935 - Peter Schickele ws born. American author and radio host. 1935 - George William Russell dies (b. 1867). Irish nationalist, poet and artist.1936 - Spanish Civil War: An Armed Forces rebellion against the recently-elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain starts the Spanish civil war. 1938 - Franz Alt was born. Journalist.1939 - Maria Ilva Biolcati (Milva) was born. Italian singer and actress.1939 - Ali Khamenei was born. Supreme Leader of Iran. 1939 - Andrée Champagne was born. French Canadian actress and politician. 1939 - Spencer Davis was born. British singer and guitarist (Spencer Davis Group). 1940 - Tim Brooke-Taylor was born. English comedian. 1941 - Joe DiMaggio's baseball hitting streak ends at 56 games, by Cleveland Indian pitchers, Al Smith & Jim Bagby. 1941 - Spencer Davis was born. British singer and guitarist (Spencer Davis Group). 1941 - Jürgen Flimm was born. German theatre director and manager. 1941 - Daryle Lamonica was born. American football player. 1941 - O presidente cubano Fulgencio Batista anuncia a formação de um novo governo. 1942 - Don Kessinger was born. American baseball player .1942 - Gale Garnett was born. Canadian singer.1942 - Peter Sissons was bon. British newsreader. 1943 - Em Feltre (Itália), Hitler convence Mussolini a continuar na guerra. 1943 - Shlomo Ben Ami was born. Israeli politician. 1944 - Port Chicago disaster: Near the San Francisco Bay, two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California killing 232.1944 - World War II: The largest convoy of the war embarks from Halifax, Nova Scotia under Royal Canadian Navy protection. 1944 - Napalm incendiary bombs were dropped for the first time by American P-38 pilots on a fuel depot at Coutances, near St. Lô, France. 1944 - Carlos Alberto was born. Brazilian football player. 1944 - Catherine Schell was born. Hungarian born British actress. 1944 - William James Sidis dies (b. 1898). Gifted mathematician and child prodigy.1945 - World War II: Potsdam Conference - At Potsdam, the three main Allied leaders begin their final summit of the war. The meeting will end on August 2.1945 - Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia was born.1945 - Ernst Busch dies (b. 1885). German field marshal.1946 - Alun Armstrong was born. English actor. 1946 - General Dragoljub Mihailović dies (b. 1893). Commandant of the Yugoslav Royal Army in the Fatherland.1947 - Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (formerly Parker Bowles) was born. Former British royal mistress and now wife of Prince Charles. 1947 - Wolfgang Flür was born. German musician (Kraftwerk). 1948 - Luc Bondy was born. Swiss theatre director and opera director. 1948 - Ron Asheton was born. American musician and composer (Iggy Pop & The Stooges).1949 - Terence "Geezer" Butler was born. British musician and lyricist (Black Sabbath). 1949 - John Wetton was born. British musician (King Crimson). 1949 - Snyder Rini was born. Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands for eight days.1949 - Charlie Steiner was born. American sports broadcaster.1950 - Derek de Lint was born. Dutch actor.1950 - P.J. Soles was born. German-born American actress. 1950 - Evangeline Booth dies (b. 1865). The 4th General of The Salvation Army.1951 - Western New England College in Springfield, Massachusetts is chartered. 1951 - Lucie Arnaz was born. American actress. 1952 - David Hasselhoff was born. American actor and musician. 1952 - Isabel Pires de Lima was born. Portuguese Minister of Culture (XVII Governo Constitucional). 1952 - Phoebe Snow was born. Singer and songwriter. 1952 - Nicolette Larson was born (d. 1997). American singer.1954 - Angela Merkel was born. Chancellor of Germany 1954 - J. Michael Straczynski was born. American science fiction author. 1955 - Disneyland opens in Anaheim, California. 1955 - Stirling Moss wins the British Grand Prix at the Aintree track near Liverpool - the first time an Englishman has triumphed in the race.1955 - Paul Stamets was born. American mycologist and environmentalist. 1956 - Peter D'Adamo was born. American physician and author.1956 - Bryan Trottier was born. Canadian ice hockey player. 1957 - Fern Britton was born. British television presenter. 1958 - Wong Kar-wai was born. Chinese film director. 1959 - O Movimento Nacional do Congo se divide em duas correntes: partidários de Lumumba e partidários de Kalonji. 1959 - Billie Holiday dies. American singer. 1959 - Eugene Meyer dies (b. 1875). American businessman and newspaper publisher (The Washington Post). 1960 - Dawn Upshaw was born. American soprano. 1960 - Mark Burnett was born. English-born television producer. 1960 - Nancy Giles was born. American actress. 1960 - Robin Shou was born. Hong Kong actor. 1960 - Jan Wouters was born. Dutch football player and manager. 1961 - Ty Cobb dies (b. 1886). Baseball Hall of Famer. 1962 - Nuclear testing: The "Small Boy" test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada Test Site. 1963 - Matti Nykänen was born. Finnish ski jumper. 1963 - Letsie III was born. King of Lesotho. 1963 - John Ventimiglia was born. American actor. 1964 - Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egipto) assume o cargo de presidente da União Africana. 1964 - British speed pioneer Sir Donald Campbell sets a new land speed world record of 429mph in his car, Bluebird. 1965 - Alex Winter was born. English film director. 1965 - Craig Morgan was born. American singer. 1965 - Santiago Segura was born. Spanish film director and actor. 1966 - Sten Tolgfors was born. Swedish politician. 1967 - John Coltrane dies. American jazz musician. 1968 - The date of the July 17th Revolution in Iraq when Abdul Rahman Arif was overthrown and the Ba'ath Party installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President. 1968 - Revolution in Iraq when Abdul Rahman Arif was overthrown and the Ba'ath Party installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President. 1968 - Bitty Schram was born. American actress. 1970 - Mandy Smith was born. English model and singer. 1971 - Calbert Cheaney was born. American basketball player. 1971 - Cory Doctorow was born. Canadian author and activist. 1971 - Nico Mattan was born. Belgian cyclist. 1971 - Jarrett Cordes was born. American hip-hip artist (P.M. Dawn). 1972 - Jason Rullo was born. American drummer (Symphony X and formerly Redemption). 1972 - Jaap Stam was born. Dutch footballer. 1973 - King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan while in Italy undergoing eye surgery / Após derrubar a monarquia, o chefe do governo Daud Khan proclama a República no Afeganistão. 1973 - Eric Moulds was born. American football player.1973 - Liam Kyle Sullivan was born. American comedian and actor.1973 - Michael Wilson was born. American Libratarion.1973 - Tony Dovolani was born. Albanian ballroom dancer. 1974 - Laura Macdonald was born. Scottish jazz musician. 1974 - Dizzy Dean dies (b. 1910). Major League baseball pitcher.1975 - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations. 1975 - Elena Anaya was born. Spanish actress.1975 - Cécile de France was born. Belgian actress. 1975 - Gino D'Acampo was born. Italian celebrity chef. 1975 - Konnie Huq was born. English television presenter. 1975 - Paul Hinojos was born. American guitarist (At the Drive-In, The Mars Volta). 1975 - Terence Tao was born. Australian Chinese mathematician. 1975 - Jamila Madeira was born. Portuguese politician. 1975 - Konstantine Gamsakhurdia dies. Georgian writer and public benefactor. 1976 - History of East Timor: East Timor was annexed, and became the 27th province of Indonesia. 1976 - The opening of the 21 st Summer Olympics in Montreal is marred by 25 African teams boycotting the New Zealand team. 1976 - Dagmara Dominczyk was born. Polish actress.1976 - Eric Winter was born. American actor. 1976 - Matthew Holmes was born. Australian actor. 1977 - Lehmber Hussainpuri was born. Famous Indian Singer.1977 - Marc Savard was born. Canadian hockey player.1977 - M.I.A. was born. British rapper. 1977 - Marc Savard was born. Canadian hockey player. 1978 - Mike Hettinga was born. American professional wrestler.1978 - Katharine Towne was born. American actress.1978 - Ricardo Arona was born. Brazillian mixed martial artist. 1979 - Sandinista rebels take Nicaraguan capital The left-wing Sandinistas take control of the Nicaragua after 46 years of dictatorial rule by the Somoza family. Nicaraguan president General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami. 1979 - Mike Vogel was born. American actor. 1980 - Ryan Miller was born. NHL hockey player. 1980 - Craig Hughes was born. Welsh rugby player. 1980 - Javier Camuñas was born. Spanish footballer. 1980 - Boris Delaunay dies (b. 1890). Soviet/Russian mathematician.1980 - Golpe militar na Bolívia, comandado pelo general Luis García Meza, que impede um novo mandato de Siles Suazo. 1981 - Hyatt Regency walkway collapse: Two skywalks filled with people at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri collapse into a crowded atrium lobby killing 114. 1981 - Elpida Romantzi was born. Greek archer. 1982 - Filomena Santos / Fernando Semana wedding in Gondomar.1982 - Natasha Hamilton was born. British singer (Atomic Kitten). 1983 - Ryan Guettler was born. Australian BMX rider.1983 - Adam Lind was born. American baseball player. 1983 - Brooke Kinsella was born. British actress. 1984 - Laurent Fabius becomes Prime Minister of France. 1984 - Asami Kimura was born. Japanese singer. 1984 - Sotiris Leontiou was born. Greek footballer. 1985 - Neil McGregor was born. Scottish footballer. 1985 - Tom Fletcher was born. British singer (McFly). 1986 - Dana (Korea) was born. Korean singer/dancer/actress (TSZX). 1987 - France cease diplomatic relationships with Iran. 1987 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 2,500 mark for the first time at 2510.04. 1987 - Darius Boyd was born. Australian NRL Player. 1987 - Yujiro Ishihara dies (b. 1934). Japanese actor.1988 - Kat DeLuna was born. Spanish-American singer. 1988 - Summer Bishil was born. Arab American actress. 1988 - Bruiser Brody dies (b. 1946). Wrestler.1989 - First flight of the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber. 1989 - Josie Lopez was born. American actress. 1989 - Marko Todorović was born. Swiss swimmer. 1990 - Conferência "Dois mais quatro" (Paris), com a participação dos Estados Unidos, França, URSS e Grã Bretanha, países vencedores da Segunda Guerra e da Alemanha Ocidental e Oriental, com a Polônia como convidada. A Conferência confirmou a reunificação da Alemanha. 1990 - Nikolay Todorov Todorov assume o cargo de presidente da Bulgária. 1991 - Os sete países mais industrializados aprovam em Londres um reordenamento da economia para o estabelecimento de "uma nova ordem mundial". 1991 - Os presidentes Mikhail Gorbachov e George Bush anunciam um tratado para reduzir armas nucleares. 1991 - Robert Motherwell dies. American painter. 1991 - Criação da Fundação Violeta Parra. 1992 - Duas bombas matam 18 e ferem 140 em Lima, no Peru. 1992 - Taavi Rand was orn. Estonian ice skater. 1994 - A seleção brasileira de futebol conquista, em Los Angeles, o tetracampeonato mundial na Copa do Mundo dos Estados Unidos, após vitória nos pênaltis sobre a Itália (3-2), após 0-0 durante o tempo normal de jogo. 1995 - Juan Manuel Fangio dies (b. 1911). Argentinian race car driver (Formula-1). 1995 - The Midwestern heat wave in the United States reaches its peak. Chicago, Illinois and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, among other cities, set all-time high temperature records. The heat claims over 400 lives on this day alone. 1995 - The Nasdaq stock index closes above the 1,000 mark for the first time. 1995 - Juan Manuel Fangio dies (b. 1911). Argentinian race car driver.1996 - Off the coast of Long Island, New York, a Paris-bound Boeing 747 carrying TWA flight 800 explodes, killing all 230 on board. 1996 - Criação da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. 1996 - Chas Chandler dies (b. 1938). Bass guitarist (The Animals), record producer and manager. 1997 - The F.W. Woolworth Company closes after 117 years in business. 1998 - In St. Petersburg, Nicholas II of Russia and his family are buried in St. Catherine Chapel 80 years after he and his family were killed by Bolsheviks. 1998 - A tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake destroys 10 villages in Papua New Guinea killing an estimated 1,500, leaving 2,000 more unaccounted for and thousands more homeless. 1998 - Papua New Guinea earthquake: A tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake destroys 10 villages in Papua New Guinea killing an estimated 3,183, leaving 2,000 more unaccounted for and thousands more homeless. 1998 - A diplomatic conference adopts the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, establishing a permanent international court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. 1998 - Biologists report in the journal Science how they sequenced the genome of the bacterium that causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum. 1998 - Felipe Juan Froilán de Marichalar y de Borbón was born. Spanish royal. 2000 - An F2 tornado ripped through Guelph, Ontario during the later portions of the evening. 2000 - O presidente mexicano eleito, Vicente Fox, nomeia sua "equipe de transição", com 20 membros, para assegurar uma transferência de poderes sem sobressaltos. 2000 - A Alemanha assina em Berlim um acordo com vários países do Leste europeu e o Conselho Nacional judeu, pelo qual se compromete a indenizar entre sete e 12 milhões de prisioneiros do nazismo. 2001 - Os chanceleres do Mercosul, Chile e Comunidade Andina de Nações assinam a Declaração de Paz, espaço de cooperação política e de integração económica entre os blocos.2001 - Katharine Graham dies (b. 1917). American publisher (Washington Post). 2003 - Hans Abich dies. German tv producer.2003 - Antje walrus, long-time mascot of German tv station NDR, dies. 2003 - Rosalyn Tureck dies (b. 1914). American pianist and harpsichordist. 2003 - Dr. David Kelly dies (b. 1944). Welsh UN weapons inspector. 2004 - Pat Roach dies (b. 1937). British wrestler and actor. 2005 - Laurel Aitken dies (b. 1927). Jamaican singer.2005 - Geraldine Fitzgerald dies (b. 1913). Irish-born actress.2005 - Edward Heath dies (b. 1916). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.2005 - Gavin Lambert dies (b. 1924). British-born screenwriter.2005 - Joe Vialls dies (b. 1944). Australian writer.2006 - Sam Myers dies (b. 1936). American musician and songwriter.2006 - Mickey Spillane dies (b. 1918). American author.2007 - TAM Airlines (TAM Linhas Aéreas) Flight 3054 crashed upon landing during rain in São Paulo. This is Brazil's deadliest aviation accident to date with an estimated 199 deaths. 2007 - Júlio Redecker dies (b. 1956). Brazilian politician.Puerto Rico - Luis Muñoz Rivera's Birthday. South Korea - Constitution Day.World Day for International Justice.
Categorias
Entidades
0180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa, executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. 0521 - Magnus Felix Ennodius dies (b. 0474). Bishop and Latin poet.0656 - Uthman ibn Affan dies assassinated. Third Caliph.0924 - King Edward the Elder of England dies.1048 - Damasus II appointed Pope. 1070 - Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders dies (b. 1030). 1105 - Rashi dies (b. 1040). French rabbi and commentator.1203 - Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault; the Byzantine emperor Alexius III Angelus flees from his capital into exile. 1381 - Batalha Naval de Saltes entre frota portuguesa e castelhana.1453 - Hundred Years' War: The French under Jean Bureau utterly defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the Battle of Castillon at Gascony.1453- John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury dies. English military leader. 1487 - Ismail I was born (d. 1524). Shah of Persia.1531 - Hosokawa Takakuni (b. 1484). Japanese military commander.1566 - Bartolomé de Las Casas (b. 1484). Spanish priest.1571 - Georg Fabricius dies (b. 1516). German poet and historian.1588 - Sinan dies (b. 1489). Ottoman architect.1645 - Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset dies. Scottish politician. 1674 - Isaac Watts was born (d. 1748). English hymnwriter. 1686 - A meeting takes place at Lüneburg between several Protestant powers in order to discuss the formation of an 'evangelical' league of defence, called the 'Confederatio Militiae Evangelicae', against the Catholic League.1698 - Pierre Louis Maupertuis was born (d. 1759). French mathematician. 1704 - Pierre-Charles Le Sueur dies. French fur trader and explorer. 1709 - Robert Bolling dies (b. 1646). English settler in Virginia.1744 - Elbridge Gerry was born (d. 23 Nov. 1814). American politician: 5th vice president of the U.S. [1813-1814]; governor of Massachusetts: wrote a redistricting bill, hence the origin of the word ‘gerrymandering’. 1745 - Petr Alekseevich Pahlen was born (d. 1826). Russian general.1762 - Catherine II becomes tzar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia / Catarina II sucede ao czar Pedro III da Rússia, assassinado. 1763 - John Jacob Astor was born (d. 1848). American businessman. 1771 - Massacre at Bloody Falls: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his arctic overland journey, massacre a group of unsuspecting Inuit. 1780 - Anatacio Bustamante was born. President of México (1830-1832, 1837-1839 e 1839-1841). 1787 - Friedrich Krupp was born (d. 1826). German industrialist.1790 - Adam Smith dies (b. 1723). Scottish economist and pholosopher.1791 - Members of the French National guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing as many as 50 people. 1791 - Martin Dobrizhoffer dies (b. 1717). Austrian Jesuit missionary.1793 - Charlotte Corday dies (b. 1768). French aristocrat and murderer.1794 - The sixteen Carmelite Martyrs of Compiegne are executed 10 days prior to the end of the French Revolution's Reign of Terror. 1794 - John Roebuck dies (b. 1718). British inventor.1797 - Hippolyte Delaroche was born (d. 1856). French painter.1801 - O químico alemão Valentín Rose consegue sintetizar pela primeira vez o bicarbonato de sódio. 1815 - Napoleonic Wars: In France, Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort, Charente-Maritime to British forces. 1816 - The French passenger ship Medusa runs aground off the coast of Senegal, with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government. 1821 - Spain cedes Florida to the United States. 1831 - Mormonism founder Joseph Smith, Jr. receives a revelation in Jackson County, Missouri on plural marriage that introduces polygamy in Mormonism. 1831 - Xianfeng was born (d. 1861). Emperor of China.1839 - Ephraim Shay was born (d. 1916). American inventor (Shay locomotive). 1841 - The first issue of the magazine Punch is published in London. 1843 - Julio A. Roca was born. President of Argentina (1880-1886).1845 - Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey dies (b. 1764). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.1852 - O tratado que estabelece os limites de fronteira e de navegação entre a Argentina e o Paraguai é assinado. 1856 - The Great Train Wreck of 1856, occurs in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania killing over 60 people. 1858 - Salving of the Lutine bell. The bell is subsequently hung in Lloyd's of London. 1859 - Princess Estefania dies (b. 15 Jul 1837). Queen of Portugal, wife of Pedro V.1859 - Luis Munoz-Rivera was born (d. 15 Nov 1921). Puerto Rican patriot, poet and journalist. 1877 - Ernst von Dohnanyi was born (d. 1960). Hungarian conductor. 1878 - Aleardo Aleardi dies (b. 1812). Italian poet. 1879 - Maurycy Gottlieb dies (b. 1856). Ukrainian painter.1880 - Um terremoto destrói em Manila, capital das Filipinas, quase todos os edifícios existentes na área interna dos muros da cidade. 1881 - Jim Bridger dies (b. 1804). American mountain man, Indian fighter, and explorer.1885 - Jean-Charles Chapais dies (b. 1811). Canadian politician.1886 - Apresentação de Sarah Bernhardt no teatro Politeama, de Buenos Aires, com a obra "Fedora", de Sardou. 1887 - Dorothea Dix dies (b. 1802). American social activist. 1888 - Shmuel Yosef Agnon was born (d. 1970). Israeli writer Nobel Prize laureate. 1889 - Erle Stanley Gardner was born (d. 1970). American lawyer and author (Perry Mason)1890 - Sem prévia declaração de guerra, um exército guatemalteco invade El Salvador, e é derrotado pelas tropas deste país. 1893 - Marvin Pierce was born (d. 1969). Women's magazine publisher.1893 - Frederick A. Johnson dies (b. 1833). American politician.1894 - As forças italianas derrotam os dervishes e tomam Kassale, no Sudão. 1894 - Josef Hyrtl dies (b. 1810). Austrian anatomist.1894 - Charles-Marie-René Leconte de Lisle dies (b. 1818). French poet.1897 - Klondike gold rush begins when first successful prospectors arrive in Seattle, Washington, USA. 1898 - Spanish-American War: Battle of Santiago Bay - Troops under United States. General William R. Shafter take the city of Santiago de Cuba from the Spanish. 1898 - Berenice Abbott was born (d. 1991). American photographer.1898 - George Robert Vincent was born (d. 1985). American sound recording pioneer.1898 - Osmond Borradaile was born (d. 1999). Canadian cinematographer. 1899 - NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital. 1899 - James Cagney was born (d. 1983). American actor. 1900 - Marcel Dalio was born (d. 1983). French actor.1901 - Bruno Jasieński was born (d. 1938). Polish poet. 1901 - Luigi Chinetti was born (d. 1994). Italian-American race car driver and team owner (NART). 1902 - Christina Stead was born (d. 1983). Australian novelist.1906 - Carlos Pellegrini dies. President of Argentina (1890-1892). 1907 - Hector Malot dies (b. 1830). French writer.1909 - Revolução no Irã dos "bajtiares": abdica o Xá. 1911 - Rufino José Cuervo dies (b. 1844). Colombian philologist and humanist. 1911 - Ted Anderson was born (d. 1979). English footballer.1912 - Art Linkletter was born. Canadian television host. 1912 - Henri Poincaré dies (b. 1854). French mathematician.1913 - Bertrand Goldberg was born (d. 1997). American architect.1916 - O Uruguay ganha o 1º. Campeonato Sul americano de Futebol ao empatar 0 a 0 com a Argentina. 1917 - King George V of the United Kingdom issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British royal family will bear the surname Windsor. 1917 - Lou Boudreau was born (d. 2001). Major League baseball player and manager.1917 - Phyllis Diller was born. American comedian. 1917 - Margarete Mitscherlich was born. German psychoanalist and author 1917 - Red Sovine was born (d. 1980). American country music singer.1917 - Hector Malot dies (b. 1830). French writer. 1918 - By order of the Bolshevik Party and carried out by Cheka, Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, his immediate family, and retainers were murdered at the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg, Russia / O czar Nicolau II e a maioria da família imperial russa são fuzilados na cidade de Ekaterimburgo, por ordem das autoridades bolcheviques. 1918 - RMS Carpathia, the ship that rescued the 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic, is sunk off Ireland by the Unterseeboot 55 with 5 lives lost. 1918 - Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio was born (d. 2003). President of Guatemala.1918 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (Gregorian calendar date) dies. 1918 - Grand Duchess Olga of Russia dies. 1918 - Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia dies. 1918 - Tsarevich Alexei of Russia dies. 1918 - Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia dies. 1918 - Tsarina Alexandra of Russia dies. 1918 - Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia dies. 1919 - João José Cochofel was born. Portuguese poet and essayst / Nasce em Coimbra João José Cochofel , ensaísta e poeta português do núcleo neo-realista coimbrão (d. in Lisboa, 14 Mar 1982).1920 - Juan Antonio Samaranch was born. Former chairman of the International Olympic Committee 1920 - Kenneth Wolstenholme was born (d. 2002). English sports commentator 1920 - Gordon Gould was born (d. 2005). Inventor of the laser.1921 - František Zvarík was born. Slovakian actor. 1923 - John Cooper was born (d. 2000). English race car designer.1926 - Charles Champlin was born. American film critic and writer. 1926 - Édouard Carpentier was born. French-born professional wrestler. 1928 - Vince Guaraldi was born (d. 1976). American musician and composer. 1928 - General Álvaro Obregón (b. 1880). President of Mexico (1929-1924), is assassinated in Mexico Cuty.1928 - Giovanni Giolitti dies (b. 1842). Italian statesman.1929 - A União Soviética rompe relações diplomáticas com a China devido a conflitos nas ferrovias da fronteira. 1929 - Sergei K. Godunov was born. Russian mathematician. 1932 - Hal Riney was born (d. 2008). American advertising executive.1933 - After successfully crossing the Atlantic ocean, the Lithuanian research aircraft Lituanica crashes in Europe under mysterious circumstances. 1933 - Bruce Wells was born. English boxer/actor. 1934 - Getúlio Vargas, que havia governado o Brasil como ditador, é eleito pela Assembléia Constituinte para o cargo de presidente da República. 1935 - Diahann Carroll was born. American actor.1935 - Donald Sutherland was born. Canadian actor.1935 - Peter Schickele ws born. American author and radio host. 1935 - George William Russell dies (b. 1867). Irish nationalist, poet and artist.1936 - Spanish Civil War: An Armed Forces rebellion against the recently-elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain starts the Spanish civil war. 1938 - Franz Alt was born. Journalist.1939 - Maria Ilva Biolcati (Milva) was born. Italian singer and actress.1939 - Ali Khamenei was born. Supreme Leader of Iran. 1939 - Andrée Champagne was born. French Canadian actress and politician. 1939 - Spencer Davis was born. British singer and guitarist (Spencer Davis Group). 1940 - Tim Brooke-Taylor was born. English comedian. 1941 - Joe DiMaggio's baseball hitting streak ends at 56 games, by Cleveland Indian pitchers, Al Smith & Jim Bagby. 1941 - Spencer Davis was born. British singer and guitarist (Spencer Davis Group). 1941 - Jürgen Flimm was born. German theatre director and manager. 1941 - Daryle Lamonica was born. American football player. 1941 - O presidente cubano Fulgencio Batista anuncia a formação de um novo governo. 1942 - Don Kessinger was born. American baseball player .1942 - Gale Garnett was born. Canadian singer.1942 - Peter Sissons was bon. British newsreader. 1943 - Em Feltre (Itália), Hitler convence Mussolini a continuar na guerra. 1943 - Shlomo Ben Ami was born. Israeli politician. 1944 - Port Chicago disaster: Near the San Francisco Bay, two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California killing 232.1944 - World War II: The largest convoy of the war embarks from Halifax, Nova Scotia under Royal Canadian Navy protection. 1944 - Napalm incendiary bombs were dropped for the first time by American P-38 pilots on a fuel depot at Coutances, near St. Lô, France. 1944 - Carlos Alberto was born. Brazilian football player. 1944 - Catherine Schell was born. Hungarian born British actress. 1944 - William James Sidis dies (b. 1898). Gifted mathematician and child prodigy.1945 - World War II: Potsdam Conference - At Potsdam, the three main Allied leaders begin their final summit of the war. The meeting will end on August 2.1945 - Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia was born.1945 - Ernst Busch dies (b. 1885). German field marshal.1946 - Alun Armstrong was born. English actor. 1946 - General Dragoljub Mihailović dies (b. 1893). Commandant of the Yugoslav Royal Army in the Fatherland.1947 - Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (formerly Parker Bowles) was born. Former British royal mistress and now wife of Prince Charles. 1947 - Wolfgang Flür was born. German musician (Kraftwerk). 1948 - Luc Bondy was born. Swiss theatre director and opera director. 1948 - Ron Asheton was born. American musician and composer (Iggy Pop & The Stooges).1949 - Terence "Geezer" Butler was born. British musician and lyricist (Black Sabbath). 1949 - John Wetton was born. British musician (King Crimson). 1949 - Snyder Rini was born. Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands for eight days.1949 - Charlie Steiner was born. American sports broadcaster.1950 - Derek de Lint was born. Dutch actor.1950 - P.J. Soles was born. German-born American actress. 1950 - Evangeline Booth dies (b. 1865). The 4th General of The Salvation Army.1951 - Western New England College in Springfield, Massachusetts is chartered. 1951 - Lucie Arnaz was born. American actress. 1952 - David Hasselhoff was born. American actor and musician. 1952 - Isabel Pires de Lima was born. Portuguese Minister of Culture (XVII Governo Constitucional). 1952 - Phoebe Snow was born. Singer and songwriter. 1952 - Nicolette Larson was born (d. 1997). American singer.1954 - Angela Merkel was born. Chancellor of Germany 1954 - J. Michael Straczynski was born. American science fiction author. 1955 - Disneyland opens in Anaheim, California. 1955 - Stirling Moss wins the British Grand Prix at the Aintree track near Liverpool - the first time an Englishman has triumphed in the race.1955 - Paul Stamets was born. American mycologist and environmentalist. 1956 - Peter D'Adamo was born. American physician and author.1956 - Bryan Trottier was born. Canadian ice hockey player. 1957 - Fern Britton was born. British television presenter. 1958 - Wong Kar-wai was born. Chinese film director. 1959 - O Movimento Nacional do Congo se divide em duas correntes: partidários de Lumumba e partidários de Kalonji. 1959 - Billie Holiday dies. American singer. 1959 - Eugene Meyer dies (b. 1875). American businessman and newspaper publisher (The Washington Post). 1960 - Dawn Upshaw was born. American soprano. 1960 - Mark Burnett was born. English-born television producer. 1960 - Nancy Giles was born. American actress. 1960 - Robin Shou was born. Hong Kong actor. 1960 - Jan Wouters was born. Dutch football player and manager. 1961 - Ty Cobb dies (b. 1886). Baseball Hall of Famer. 1962 - Nuclear testing: The "Small Boy" test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada Test Site. 1963 - Matti Nykänen was born. Finnish ski jumper. 1963 - Letsie III was born. King of Lesotho. 1963 - John Ventimiglia was born. American actor. 1964 - Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egipto) assume o cargo de presidente da União Africana. 1964 - British speed pioneer Sir Donald Campbell sets a new land speed world record of 429mph in his car, Bluebird. 1965 - Alex Winter was born. English film director. 1965 - Craig Morgan was born. American singer. 1965 - Santiago Segura was born. Spanish film director and actor. 1966 - Sten Tolgfors was born. Swedish politician. 1967 - John Coltrane dies. American jazz musician. 1968 - The date of the July 17th Revolution in Iraq when Abdul Rahman Arif was overthrown and the Ba'ath Party installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President. 1968 - Revolution in Iraq when Abdul Rahman Arif was overthrown and the Ba'ath Party installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President. 1968 - Bitty Schram was born. American actress. 1970 - Mandy Smith was born. English model and singer. 1971 - Calbert Cheaney was born. American basketball player. 1971 - Cory Doctorow was born. Canadian author and activist. 1971 - Nico Mattan was born. Belgian cyclist. 1971 - Jarrett Cordes was born. American hip-hip artist (P.M. Dawn). 1972 - Jason Rullo was born. American drummer (Symphony X and formerly Redemption). 1972 - Jaap Stam was born. Dutch footballer. 1973 - King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan while in Italy undergoing eye surgery / Após derrubar a monarquia, o chefe do governo Daud Khan proclama a República no Afeganistão. 1973 - Eric Moulds was born. American football player.1973 - Liam Kyle Sullivan was born. American comedian and actor.1973 - Michael Wilson was born. American Libratarion.1973 - Tony Dovolani was born. Albanian ballroom dancer. 1974 - Laura Macdonald was born. Scottish jazz musician. 1974 - Dizzy Dean dies (b. 1910). Major League baseball pitcher.1975 - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations. 1975 - Elena Anaya was born. Spanish actress.1975 - Cécile de France was born. Belgian actress. 1975 - Gino D'Acampo was born. Italian celebrity chef. 1975 - Konnie Huq was born. English television presenter. 1975 - Paul Hinojos was born. American guitarist (At the Drive-In, The Mars Volta). 1975 - Terence Tao was born. Australian Chinese mathematician. 1975 - Jamila Madeira was born. Portuguese politician. 1975 - Konstantine Gamsakhurdia dies. Georgian writer and public benefactor. 1976 - History of East Timor: East Timor was annexed, and became the 27th province of Indonesia. 1976 - The opening of the 21 st Summer Olympics in Montreal is marred by 25 African teams boycotting the New Zealand team. 1976 - Dagmara Dominczyk was born. Polish actress.1976 - Eric Winter was born. American actor. 1976 - Matthew Holmes was born. Australian actor. 1977 - Lehmber Hussainpuri was born. Famous Indian Singer.1977 - Marc Savard was born. Canadian hockey player.1977 - M.I.A. was born. British rapper. 1977 - Marc Savard was born. Canadian hockey player. 1978 - Mike Hettinga was born. American professional wrestler.1978 - Katharine Towne was born. American actress.1978 - Ricardo Arona was born. Brazillian mixed martial artist. 1979 - Sandinista rebels take Nicaraguan capital The left-wing Sandinistas take control of the Nicaragua after 46 years of dictatorial rule by the Somoza family. Nicaraguan president General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami. 1979 - Mike Vogel was born. American actor. 1980 - Ryan Miller was born. NHL hockey player. 1980 - Craig Hughes was born. Welsh rugby player. 1980 - Javier Camuñas was born. Spanish footballer. 1980 - Boris Delaunay dies (b. 1890). Soviet/Russian mathematician.1980 - Golpe militar na Bolívia, comandado pelo general Luis García Meza, que impede um novo mandato de Siles Suazo. 1981 - Hyatt Regency walkway collapse: Two skywalks filled with people at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri collapse into a crowded atrium lobby killing 114. 1981 - Elpida Romantzi was born. Greek archer. 1982 - Filomena Santos / Fernando Semana wedding in Gondomar.1982 - Natasha Hamilton was born. British singer (Atomic Kitten). 1983 - Ryan Guettler was born. Australian BMX rider.1983 - Adam Lind was born. American baseball player. 1983 - Brooke Kinsella was born. British actress. 1984 - Laurent Fabius becomes Prime Minister of France. 1984 - Asami Kimura was born. Japanese singer. 1984 - Sotiris Leontiou was born. Greek footballer. 1985 - Neil McGregor was born. Scottish footballer. 1985 - Tom Fletcher was born. British singer (McFly). 1986 - Dana (Korea) was born. Korean singer/dancer/actress (TSZX). 1987 - France cease diplomatic relationships with Iran. 1987 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 2,500 mark for the first time at 2510.04. 1987 - Darius Boyd was born. Australian NRL Player. 1987 - Yujiro Ishihara dies (b. 1934). Japanese actor.1988 - Kat DeLuna was born. Spanish-American singer. 1988 - Summer Bishil was born. Arab American actress. 1988 - Bruiser Brody dies (b. 1946). Wrestler.1989 - First flight of the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber. 1989 - Josie Lopez was born. American actress. 1989 - Marko Todorović was born. Swiss swimmer. 1990 - Conferência "Dois mais quatro" (Paris), com a participação dos Estados Unidos, França, URSS e Grã Bretanha, países vencedores da Segunda Guerra e da Alemanha Ocidental e Oriental, com a Polônia como convidada. A Conferência confirmou a reunificação da Alemanha. 1990 - Nikolay Todorov Todorov assume o cargo de presidente da Bulgária. 1991 - Os sete países mais industrializados aprovam em Londres um reordenamento da economia para o estabelecimento de "uma nova ordem mundial". 1991 - Os presidentes Mikhail Gorbachov e George Bush anunciam um tratado para reduzir armas nucleares. 1991 - Robert Motherwell dies. American painter. 1991 - Criação da Fundação Violeta Parra. 1992 - Duas bombas matam 18 e ferem 140 em Lima, no Peru. 1992 - Taavi Rand was orn. Estonian ice skater. 1994 - A seleção brasileira de futebol conquista, em Los Angeles, o tetracampeonato mundial na Copa do Mundo dos Estados Unidos, após vitória nos pênaltis sobre a Itália (3-2), após 0-0 durante o tempo normal de jogo. 1995 - Juan Manuel Fangio dies (b. 1911). Argentinian race car driver (Formula-1). 1995 - The Midwestern heat wave in the United States reaches its peak. Chicago, Illinois and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, among other cities, set all-time high temperature records. The heat claims over 400 lives on this day alone. 1995 - The Nasdaq stock index closes above the 1,000 mark for the first time. 1995 - Juan Manuel Fangio dies (b. 1911). Argentinian race car driver.1996 - Off the coast of Long Island, New York, a Paris-bound Boeing 747 carrying TWA flight 800 explodes, killing all 230 on board. 1996 - Criação da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. 1996 - Chas Chandler dies (b. 1938). Bass guitarist (The Animals), record producer and manager. 1997 - The F.W. Woolworth Company closes after 117 years in business. 1998 - In St. Petersburg, Nicholas II of Russia and his family are buried in St. Catherine Chapel 80 years after he and his family were killed by Bolsheviks. 1998 - A tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake destroys 10 villages in Papua New Guinea killing an estimated 1,500, leaving 2,000 more unaccounted for and thousands more homeless. 1998 - Papua New Guinea earthquake: A tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake destroys 10 villages in Papua New Guinea killing an estimated 3,183, leaving 2,000 more unaccounted for and thousands more homeless. 1998 - A diplomatic conference adopts the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, establishing a permanent international court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. 1998 - Biologists report in the journal Science how they sequenced the genome of the bacterium that causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum. 1998 - Felipe Juan Froilán de Marichalar y de Borbón was born. Spanish royal. 2000 - An F2 tornado ripped through Guelph, Ontario during the later portions of the evening. 2000 - O presidente mexicano eleito, Vicente Fox, nomeia sua "equipe de transição", com 20 membros, para assegurar uma transferência de poderes sem sobressaltos. 2000 - A Alemanha assina em Berlim um acordo com vários países do Leste europeu e o Conselho Nacional judeu, pelo qual se compromete a indenizar entre sete e 12 milhões de prisioneiros do nazismo. 2001 - Os chanceleres do Mercosul, Chile e Comunidade Andina de Nações assinam a Declaração de Paz, espaço de cooperação política e de integração económica entre os blocos.2001 - Katharine Graham dies (b. 1917). American publisher (Washington Post). 2003 - Hans Abich dies. German tv producer.2003 - Antje walrus, long-time mascot of German tv station NDR, dies. 2003 - Rosalyn Tureck dies (b. 1914). American pianist and harpsichordist. 2003 - Dr. David Kelly dies (b. 1944). Welsh UN weapons inspector. 2004 - Pat Roach dies (b. 1937). British wrestler and actor. 2005 - Laurel Aitken dies (b. 1927). Jamaican singer.2005 - Geraldine Fitzgerald dies (b. 1913). Irish-born actress.2005 - Edward Heath dies (b. 1916). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.2005 - Gavin Lambert dies (b. 1924). British-born screenwriter.2005 - Joe Vialls dies (b. 1944). Australian writer.2006 - Sam Myers dies (b. 1936). American musician and songwriter.2006 - Mickey Spillane dies (b. 1918). American author.2007 - TAM Airlines (TAM Linhas Aéreas) Flight 3054 crashed upon landing during rain in São Paulo. This is Brazil's deadliest aviation accident to date with an estimated 199 deaths. 2007 - Júlio Redecker dies (b. 1956). Brazilian politician.Puerto Rico - Luis Muñoz Rivera's Birthday. South Korea - Constitution Day.World Day for International Justice.